Anatomy & Physiology
Explore the normal structure and function of the cells, blood & immunity system.
White blood cells are not one interchangeable group. Follow how neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes behave during infection, inflammation and immune responses, then see how...
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Explore the 23 human chromosome pairs, examples of the genes and functions carried on each, and how trisomies, monosomies, deletions, duplications and other chromosome changes can...
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Understand ABO and RhD blood groups, how antibodies affect red-cell compatibility, why matching extends beyond A, B, AB and O, and what rare phenotypes such as...
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Follow haemostasis from the moment a blood vessel is damaged: platelet adhesion and activation, thrombin and fibrin formation, natural anticoagulant control and fibrinolysis, with clinical links...
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The spleen filters circulating blood, removes ageing and abnormal red cells, supports immune responses and helps protect against serious infection. Learn how its anatomy explains blood-film...
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A blood sample can produce dozens of separate results, but they all come from the same circulating tissue. Follow plasma, blood cells and volume changes from...
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Bone marrow is where blood-cell production begins. Learn how haematopoietic stem cells produce erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets, how the marrow responds to demand, and what happens...
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Follow an infection from first exposure to immune memory: antigen presentation, clonal selection, B cells, T cells, antibodies and why vaccination creates a prepared immune response.
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What current research suggests about the appendix, including immune tissue and a possible role in the gut microbiome.
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A patient can be profoundly anaemic while their oxygen saturation still reads 98%. Follow the red blood cell from bone marrow to tissue oxygen delivery and...
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How the thin endothelial lining of blood vessels helps regulate vascular tone, clotting, inflammation and fluid movement.
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