Conditions & Pathophysiology

Medical illustration of COPD showing narrowed airways, damaged alveoli and air trapping

COPD Explained: Airflow Limitation, Air Trappin...

Follow a breath through COPD to understand expiratory airflow limitation, air trapping, hyperinflation, gas-exchange problems, exacerbations and what student nurses should recognise and escalate on placement.

COPD Explained: Airflow Limitation, Air Trappin...

Follow a breath through COPD to understand expiratory airflow limitation, air trapping, hyperinflation, gas-exchange problems, exacerbations and what student nurses should recognise and escalate on placement.

Anatomical illustration of gallstones within the gallbladder and a stone obstructing the biliary tract

Gallstones Explained: Biliary Colic, Cholecysti...

Follow a gallstone through the biliary system to understand why obstruction causes biliary colic, how persistent obstruction becomes acute cholecystitis, and why common bile duct stones can lead to jaundice,...

Gallstones Explained: Biliary Colic, Cholecysti...

Follow a gallstone through the biliary system to understand why obstruction causes biliary colic, how persistent obstruction becomes acute cholecystitis, and why common bile duct stones can lead to jaundice,...

Medical illustration comparing autoimmune beta-cell loss in Type 1 diabetes with insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes

Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin, Blood Gluco...

Understand the physiology behind Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, why insulin matters, how DKA and HHS develop, and what student nurses should notice on placement.

Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin, Blood Gluco...

Understand the physiology behind Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, why insulin matters, how DKA and HHS develop, and what student nurses should notice on placement.

Sickle cell disease illustration showing normal red blood cells and sickled red blood cells within a blood vessel

Sickle Cell Disease Explained: Why Red Blood Ce...

A student-friendly UK nursing guide to sickle cell disease: HbS polymerisation, haemolysis, vaso-occlusion, painful crisis, acute chest syndrome and what to recognise on placement.

Sickle Cell Disease Explained: Why Red Blood Ce...

A student-friendly UK nursing guide to sickle cell disease: HbS polymerisation, haemolysis, vaso-occlusion, painful crisis, acute chest syndrome and what to recognise on placement.

Normal airway compared with an asthmatic airway showing bronchoconstriction, mucosal inflammation and oedema, mucus and a narrowed lumen

Asthma

Understand asthma by following what happens inside the narrowing airway, why symptoms vary, how current inhaler treatment works and what deterioration can look like at the bedside.

Asthma

Understand asthma by following what happens inside the narrowing airway, why symptoms vary, how current inhaler treatment works and what deterioration can look like at the bedside.

Person looking at a healing purple and yellow bruise on their upper arm

Why Do Bruises Change Colour?

How blood pigments break down as a bruise heals, why colours look different across skin tones and when bruising needs assessment.

Why Do Bruises Change Colour?

How blood pigments break down as a bruise heals, why colours look different across skin tones and when bruising needs assessment.